Well, it's been going on for at least three years: a persistent damaging, punitive group of slights by the West to one of its best friends. This past week it's gone from insulting to abusive, so it's really past time to say something. These are the events:
1. Turkey, continually worried at the conflict pressures on their southern border, is poised to enter Kurdistan/Northern Iraq.
2. Turkey, working on reforms and Europeanization mechanisms, is due for another review of its status on integration with the EU. Indications appear to be that they will be fobbed off yet again.
3. Turkey, the successor to the Ottoman Empire, has been this week a target of Congressional sanctions for the Armenian genocide.
I’m going to briefly write on all three of these issues and then tie it in to Western strategic concerns with Central Asia . . .
Iraq/Kurdistan
Since the beginning of the Iraq War, Turkey has been of immense value to the U.S. in terms of border stability to the North and the supply chain through its military bases. Unfortunately, “taking the war to the terrorists” has been a huge burden on those terrorists’ neighbors. For Eastern/Southern Turkey, this burden has been at times fatal and always dangerous. Some of the terrorists reside in Kurdistan and desire Kurdish separatism.
These extreme Kurdish separatists envision a Kurdistan which is not completely within Iraq's old border, but rather also impede into Turkey's sovereign territory. The relative stability of Northern Iraq as opposed to say, Baghdad or Basra, is not a sign of absolute stability–in fact, there have been Kurdish PKK and PKK splinter groups that have bombed sites in Turkey. That “relative stability” gives these extremist elements a “safe haven” to fight their own battles to the North and ignore the battles to the South. Turkey has the right to safeguard its interests, however inconvenient it may be to the rest of us who are safeguarding our own. The remarkable part is that Turkey has delayed its own security needs on the request of others, clearly looking for a consensus on the part of all. But they cannot do so forever.
EU Integration
I don't have to say much here, because Lord/Christopher Patten over at the International Crisis Group has said most of it: Turkey has been a staunch ally through NATO for years. Its military government was once the price paid to ensure Soviet deterrence–and now that history, which saved Europe much grief, is being used against them.
Second, Turkey is important as a distribution avenue for oil and gas: from Russia, Iran, and the Caspian Sea. Safeguarding that relationship is extremely important.
Third, Turkey has been indispensible as a go-between between the West and Middle East/North Africa. the position of go-between is one of those thankless jobs–one is always carrying the bulk of expectation from both sides. Yet Turkey's work toward world integration is not being rewarded with a bona-fide offer of regional integration. And yes, “being fair” has nothing to do with the issue by itself: but treating the West's agent to the East with respect would be, however, an indicator of sincerity on the part of the West toward predominantly Islamic states.
Genocide
Let's get this straight right now: I know from the inside of my spine and all the way outward that mass murder and genocide are atrocities. I also know that acknowledgement is supposed to bring healing and resolution. In 1919, a Turkish military tribunal sentenced the leaders of the 1915 genocide to death. This is used as evidence that the genocide occurred. It is not used, by at least one Armenian advocacy group, to show that the genocide was punished.
Obviously, some resolution needs to occur past the tribunal. But continuing to relegate Turkey to a ghetto of nations (where other nations with genocide on their record do not reside) is counter-productive. Furthermore, the way that this gets used against Turkey is not geared toward a coordinated effort at resolution, but devolves into one incident after another, unrelated to a constructive resolution, and therefore unsolvable. Most of all: we need Turkey to help us solve the genocides of today, in Africa and the Middle East.
Central Asia Connection
I have already alluded to the Caspian Sea-Turkey energy connection and to Turkey's tireless work in developing relationships that include the West in predominantly Islamic countries. right now, Turkey's relationship to Kazakhstan aids in obtaining oil sales for the West, and for transit countries of the BTC pipeline: Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Turkey itself. Mediterranean oil port Ceyhan, in Turkey, ships petroleum to Europe and Japan.
Furthermore, the famed isolation of Turkmenistan has been alleviated, mostly sub rosa, by the work of Turkish firms in Turkmenistan's textile business. Very few multinational companies exist in Turkmenistan, but Turkey has been one of them. By itself, this proves nothing: except that in mainstream discourse, we have omitted Turkey's contributions to globalization in Central Asia and elsewhere.
So. my fellow Westerners: let's think again about dissing our best friend and most faithful representative out there in the world at large. Those whom we would like to have as friends watch us: they see how we treat the friends we already have.
Further Reading:
Armenian National Institute–dedicated to the Armenian Genocide
Bay Fang on the U.S. Congressional relationship to Turkey at the Baltimore Sun's “Swamp”
Proceedings from the Brookings Institution on a great event featuring Turkey, with Ambassador Holbrooke's comments.
Europe needs Turkey: an editorial from 2003 by Omar Taspinar
Maps: Indiana.edu; Kurdish Connection.com; BTC Investment.com
4 Comments So Far»
Excellent piece Bonnie! I very much enjoyed your thoughts. A lot of points you make here are valid and quite frankly, I don't see how aknowleging something that happened a century ago (by others in totally different circumstances-hey who knows who killed whom at that time?!) is supposed to bring resolution to anything.
Let's suppose Turkey recognizes the genocide… then what? Armenia will start asking for monetary compensation for the lost lives? I don't really get it. This whole debate is too far-fetched, seems staged and is irrelevant to “here and now” problems.
If Europe or the US really want to have an ally in the muslim world Turks are perhaps the only alternative left. That is not counting CA countries which (due to historical and geographical considerations) cannot be effectively bunched with other muslim nations.
Pakistan is a mess, Afghanistan is too unstable and Iran is too theocratic to be friends with anyone.
Alienating Turkey will increase the divide between East and West and that is a darn expensive price to pay for both sides.
I agree with you, too, Bonnie. We’ve spent much of the last couple of years in Turkey and have come to love and admire the Turkish people - especially the ordinary working class and small business people. It's the Kemalists - the westernized, modernized ones - who are so insecure that they can't face the past. The ordinary people know that s**t happens to everyone and have learned to live with it. Our neighbours said essentially “Yeah, we killed a lot of Armenians and Greeks, but they slaughtered most of my mother's (father's, aunt's…) village so we’re all a bunch of murderers. So let's call it even and move on.”
In Izmir an acquaintance of ours witnessed the slaughter of 10,000 Armenians when she was 9. Ataturk was present, and the whole foreign community was summoned to see what happened to enemies of the Turkish people. But that's not the first or the last time in history that it has been expedient to dispose of a lot of inconvenient people quickly. We have been able to forget if not forgive most of these slaughters. So I wish the Armenian people could let it go. Nothing anyone else says can ever make it better.
Dear Sylon and Leslie,
The issues here of course touch upon delicate sensibilities on both sides, and the combination of shame, anger, and grief for all make this a highly charged issue. Of course we don't want to simplify anyone's suffering, in the past or today. But unfortunately this issue has become so polarized that it has been simplified in discourse and little remains for a resolution.
As an Irish-American, I have been known to revile Oliver Cromwell, murderer, when having one too many, and proceed on down through the history of the British Isles. Somewhere in the middle I get out my Yeats. That does not mean that I don't look to the UK for many solutions and honor them for their many accomplishments. This takes a kind of emotional disconnect that is probably fairly complex in terms of brain waves, but allows me to feel sufficiently Irish while getting on in life and enjoying conversations with the British people I meet.
I wish the Armenian diaspora in the U.S. and elsewhere would concentrate on developing a rapport between Armenia and Turkey rather than reinforcing the separation. Armenian-Turkish rapprochement would benefit Armenia incalculably, and Armenian-Americans are in a unique place to make this happen. Something to think about.
Thanks to both of you for writing in. I appreciate the comments and the practical observations.
Bonnie
Greeting. Anything looked at closely becomes wonderful.
I am from Malawi and learning to read in English, please tell me right I wrote the following sentence: “Variety this is most foreign market of lotions for the attractiveness acid products.”
Regards
Fabienne.
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